Ìṣàfiwe Ìpele Àká-Ọrò ̣Èka Èdè If ̣ è ̣Àti Olórí Èkạ -Èdè Yorùbá
Keywords:
Advanced tongue root, Descriptive, Vowel Shifting, Association line, Syllabic tier, Ìtìsíwájú ìdí ahọ́n, Ìlànà ìṣàpèjúwe, Ìpààrọ̀ìró fáwèlì, Ìlà àsopò, Ìpele Silébù ̣Abstract
Yorùbá
Èḳ a-èdè kọ̀ọ̀kan ni ó ní àwọn àbùdá àdání, èyí tí ómú kí irú èḳ a-èdè béẹ̣̀yàtọ̀si àwọn èkạ -èdè mìíràn tójẹ́èyà èdè kan ̣ náà. Àwọnìyàtọ̀ yìí lè jẹyọ nínú àká-òṛọ̀tàbí àwọn ìpínsí èyà ̣ èḳ ọ́èdạ́ -èdè bí i ìmòfọnóḷójì, mofóḷójì, síntààsì tàbí ìtum ̣ ọ̀. Ó ṣeé ṣe kíàwọn ìyàtọ̀yìí má dènà fún àgbóyé. A gbìyànjú látiwo àwòn ̣ ìyàtọ̀ajẹmó-̣àkà-òṛọ̀nínú èḳ a-èdè Ifè, èyítí ómú kí ̣ ẹ̀ka-èdè Ifẹ̀yàtọ̀sí olóri èkạ -èdè Yorùbá,Ìlànà ìṣàpèjúwè ni òpó tí a fi ṣe àtègùn fún àgbékalẹ̀àwọn àlàyé wa nínú iṣẹ́yìí. A gbìyànjú láti gba àwọn àpẹẹrẹ tí a lò fún iṣẹ yìí ní ẹnu àwọn ènìyàn tí ọjó-̣orí wọn wà láàrin ọdun máruǹdín- láádórin síàádọrún ọdún. Ènìyàn méfà ni a bèèrè àwọn òṛọ̀lòẉ ọ́wọn. A yàn láti fi òṛọ̀wa àwọn ènìyàn yìí tí ọjó-̣orí wọn jágùn díẹ̣̀nitorí pé a wóye pé àwọn àgbàlagbà, pàápàá tí kò mọ̀– ónkọ mọ̀– ónkà, yóò lè máa ̣sọ ẹ̀ka-èdè ìbílẹ Ifè. Ó ṣée ṣe kí èḳ a-èdè tí àwọn òḍ ọ́ ìlú ìlé-Ifè, tí ó j ̣ ẹ́ibùdó iṣẹ́wádìí yìí, má lè sọojúlòwó èḳ a-èdè ìbílẹ̀Ifẹ̀nítorí ìmọ̀èkó tí w ̣ óṇ ní. Èyà ̣ èkạ -èdè tí àwọn òḍ ọ́máa ń sọ ní ó jé àdàlù. Àbò ̣iṣé ̣ìwádìí yìí fi hàn pé onírúurú ìyàtọ̀ìmọ̀tuntun nínú ìmó ̣gírámà olórí èkạ -èdè Yorùbá ni ó hànde nínú àbọ̀iṣẹ́ìwádìí yìí. Àwọn ìmò ̣titun yìí ni wó n fara hàn káàkiri àw ̣ ọn èka ìm ̣ ọ̀èdạ́ -èdè bíi: fonó ḷójì ̣mofó ḷójì, síńtààsì àti ìtumọ̀. Lára irufé ̣àwọn ìmò ̣yìí ni ipò fáwèlì ‘a’ àti ‘an’; ẹ̀rí nípa ètò ìpààrọ̀ ìró fáwé ḷì nínú ìtàn ìdàgbósókè èdè Yorùbá òfin àǹkóò fàwé ḷì nínú àwọn òṛò ̣oníhun FKF, èrí nípa ìgb ̣ éṣ̣ẹ̀ ìsọdìránmú tàbí ìṣ̣ọdi-àiránmu àti bé ẹ̣̀béẹ̣̀lọ. A lérò pé bí irú iṣẹ́ àkanṣe bá yìí bá lè tèṣíwajú lórí èkạ -èdè Yorùbá yòókù gég̣ ẹ́bí àmòràn àw ̣ ọn aṣáájú bí i Ò j̣ ògḅ ón Bámgbó ̣ ṣé, Awóbùlúyì, Oyèláràn, àbájàdeirúfé ̣àbò ̣iṣé ̣ìwádìí bé ẹ̣̀yóò wúlò fún ìtè síwàjú ìm ̣ ọ̀gírámà olórí èḳ a-èdè Yorùbá àti èdè Yorùbá lápapà.
English
Each dialect of a language has its peculiar linguistic distinctive features. Such linguistic variations may be feasible in lexical comparative analysis. This study tries to itemize and discuss the lexical variations between Ife dialect and Standard Yoruba. The paper used descriptive approach to peruse through the data collected from the native speakers of Ife dialect, whose age range is between 65 – 90 years. The old people were preferably selected because they tend to be more familiar with the basic lexical items in the dialect. Our findings show that many words in Ife dialect are no more frequent in usage among the contemporary youths in the area. The paper highlighted that the impact of modern education has had noticeable effects on the sub-dialect of the youth. The differences noted in the study cover the hierarchies of linguistic tiers such as: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax and Semantics. The paper torched upon the basic phonemic status of a and an as well argued for the feasibility of nasalization and denasalisation as entrenched in Ife dialect. We therefore, suggest that lexical analysis of each dialect of a language should be studied to bring some new words, which are no longer in usage to the fore. Also, a comparism of two dialects tends to show the inter-linguistic relationship of the dialects and evidence of their emergency from the same language source.
References
Abraham, R.C. (1958).Dictionary of Modern Yorùbá. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Adékúnlé, M.A. (2018a). “Fífi ojú ìmo ̣ ̣̀ Ẹ ̣̀dá-èdè ṣe àtúpale ̣ ̣̀Ìyísódì nínú Ẹ̀kạ -èdè Ife ̣ ̣̀”. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, Olabisi Onabanjo University, AgoIwoye
Adékúnlé, M.A. (2018b). “Àwọn Àbùda Àdání Èka-Èdè Ifè”. ̣ Research in Language and Literature, 13 : 56 – 65.
Adékúnlé, M. A. (2019). “Ipa Ètò Ìpààro ̣ ̣̀ Ìró Fáwe ̣ ̣̀lì nínú Àṣàyàn Ẹ ̣̀ka-èdè Yorùbá” Yorùbá: The Journal of Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria.Vol.9(3): 142-158
Adéníyì H. (2005). “Àwọn Èkạ -Èdè Yorùbá” Adéníyì H. àti A. Ojo (ol.) Ìlò-Èdè àti Èkạ -Èdè Apá kejì. o.i 1-52 Trenton, USA: African World Press.
Adésuyan, R.A. (2014). “Ìtúpale ̣ ̣̀Àwọn Wúnre ̣ ̣̀n Onítumo ̣ ̣̀ Gírámà nínú Ẹ̀kạ -Èdè Ìlàjẹ àti Ìje ̣ ̣̀bú”, An Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.
Adétúgbó, A. (1982) ̣ . “Towards a Yoruba Dialectology”, Afọlayan Adebísí (ol.) Yorùbá Language and Literature. o.i 98-99. Ile-Ife: University of Ifẹ Press.
Adéwọlé, L.O. (2018a). “Arópò ̣ - Orúkọ Ẹnì kéta ̣ Ẹyọ nínú Èka – èdè Ife”. Research in Yorùbú Language and Literature.13: 125 – 144
Adéwọlé, L. O. (2018b). “Òṛ ò ̣– orúkọ Asèbéèrè nínú Ẹka – ède Ifẹ”. Research in Yoruba Language and Literature.12 : 22 – 42
Akínkúgbè, F. (1976). “An Internal Classification of the Yoruboid Group (Yoruba, itsekiri, igala).”Journal of West African Languages XI, (1-2) : 1-19.
Awóbùlúyì, O. (1992a). “Aspects of Contemporary Standard Yorùbá in Dialectological Perspective”. Ìṣo ̣ ̣̀la A. (ol) New Findings in Yorùbá Studies, J.F. Ọdúnjọ Memorial Lecture Series 3:1-76.
Awóbùlúyì, O. (1998), “Àwọn Ẹ̀ka ̣ Èdè Yorùbá”. Paper Presented at Annual Conference of the Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria (YSAN) held in Ibadan Pastoral Institute, Ibadan, November.
Awóbùlúyì, O. (2001). “Ìtàn Èdè Yorùbá”, Àjàyí, B. (ol.). Èḳ ọ́Ìjìnlè ̣Yorùbá: Èdạ́ -Èdè, Lítíréṣò, àti ̣ Àṣà. o.i. 1-25 Ìlọrin: University of Ilorin.
Awóbùlúyì, O. àti Oyèbádé, F. (1995). “Denasalisation in Yoruba: A non-linear approach”: Language in Nigeria: Essays in honour of Ayò Bámgbóṣé. Owólabí, K. (o1) 61-13. Ìbàdàn: Group Publisher.
Awóbùlúyì, O. àti O. Oyèláràn (2017). Ìléwọ́Ìkọ̀wé Yorùbá Òde ̣ -Òrú Ìlorin: Kwara State University Press.
Busari, S. O. (2017). “Comparative Phonology Sabe and Onko Dialects of Yoruba”. Unplished M. A. Dissertation submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages, University of Ilọrin.
Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Ìkòtún, R. (2017) ̣ . “Pronouns in Ijẹṣa Dialect”, Inquiry in Languages and Literatures.10:1-14. Department of Linguistics and Languages. Adékúnlé Ajásin University, Àkùngbá-Àkóko, Òndó State.
Napoli, D.J. (1996). Linguistics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ògúnsínà, B.A. (1972). “The Phonology of Ifè Dialect.”, Unpublished B.A. Long Essay, Department of Linguistics and African Languages, University of Ìbàdàn, Ìbàdàn.
Olánrewájú, E. O. (2017). “A Syntax of Interrogatives in Central Yoruba Dialects As compared with Standard Yoruba”. An unpublished M.Phil. Dissertation submitted to the Department of Linguistics and African Languages, University of Ìbàdàn.
Omísore, F.O, (1989). “A Comparative Study of Ifẹ̀, ̣ Ìjèsà and Èkìtì Dialects”. An Unpublished B.A Long Essay, Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages. University of Ilorin, Ilorin.
Oyèbádé, F.O. (1992), “Phonology II”, Ore Yusuf (ol.) Introduction to Linguistics. Ilorin: University of Ilorin Press.
Oyèbádé, F.O. (1998), A Course in Phonology. Ìje ̣ ̣̀bú-Òde: Shebiotimo Publications.
Oyèláràn, O. (1976), “Towards a Yorùbá Standard”, Yoruba: A Journal of the Yorùbá Studies Association of Nigeria, 2:1-22.
Pulleyblank, D. (1988), “Vocalic Underspecification in Yorùbá”, Lingusitic Inquiry. 19: 233-270