The Use of Hausa by the Kano State House of Assembly and Kano Emirate Council: A Revitalization Strategy for Language Sustainable Development

Authors

  • Sabi’u Alhaji Garba Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

Keywords:

Hausa, Kano State House of Assembly, Langauge development

Abstract

This paper looks at the use of Hausa as a working language by the Kano State House of Assembly (KHSA) and Kano Emirate Council (KEC) as a revitalization strategy of the language for sustainable development. It finds out that the Kano State House of Assembly conducts its legislative official sittings in Hausa language and the Kano Emirate Council deploys Hausa in its correspondences with the Districts Heads, and the Ward and Village Heads reply or generate their routine administrative and operational reports to the District Heads for onward delivery to the Emirate in Hausa. The Emir, District, Village and Ward Heads in the Emirate respond to the visitors in Hausa while at the court, hosting subjects and at community events etc. The use of Hausa in these two official domains will not only maintain, preserve and document the language, but earns more prestige to the language and make people use it and pass it to the younger generation who will also pass it to their children and so on from generation to generation. The need to revitalize any indigenous language became imperative because of the deleterious threat of endangerment languages are facing which dictates that languages’ owners devise means to keep them alive, delay or prevent their untimely death. The paper argues that the use of Hausa by the KSHA and KEC may help to engender sustainable development as it leads to proper representation of the masses by the representatives, proper enlightenment of the masses and entrenching democracy. It recommends amongst others that: the KSHA should cap it all with keeping the minutes of its proceedings and its other duties in Hausa just as it chose to conducts its sittings in Hausa, advocacy to document the minutes of the KSH’s proceedings and its other duties in Hausa be embarked upon by the stakeholders, formulating, translating various terms relating to legislative duties and the honourable members be given refresher courses on the use of the Hausa language. Secretaries under Kano Emirate Council right from those at village, district heads to the Emirate Council secretary be given training on Hausa orthography from time to time by the stakeholders to further strengthen their duties.

Author Biography

Sabi’u Alhaji Garba, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

 

 

 

References

Abacha, S. (1994). Text of an Address by General Sani Abacha, Head of State, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, on the Inauguration of the National Constitutional Conference, Abuja, June 27th, 1994.

Abner, C. (1969)Customs and Politics in Urban Africa.Barkeley: University of California Press

Abraham, R. C. (1962)Dictionary of the Hausa Language. London: Hodder and Stoughton

Abu-Manga, A. (1999)Hausa in the Sudan: Process of Adaptation to Arabic. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe

Adamu, Mi.(1978)The Hausa Factor in West African History. Zariya: ABU Press

Adegbija, E. (2004). ‘Language Policy and Planning in Nigeria’, Current Issues in Language Planning. 5 (3), 1-66.http://www.multilingual-matters.net/cilp/005/0181/cilp0050181.pdf accessed on 6 September, 2016

Arasanyin, O. F. (2003) Nigeria: Language, Media and Legislative Engineering,’ in Mugane, J.N (ed) Trends in African Linguistics: Linguistic Typology and Representation of African Languages: ACAL 5. Africa World Press, Inc.

Bamgbose, A. (1998). ‘Language as a Resource: An African Perspective’. In Ambrose, M., J. Read and V. Webb (Compilers) Workshop Papers: The Role of the African Languages in Democ-ratic South Africa, 5-6 March1998. Pretoria, University of Pretoria, CentREPoL, pp. 1-14. http://www.up.ac.za/academic/libarts/crpl/1998-03-05-Bamgbose.pdf accessed on 9 February 2015

Bamgbose, A. (2007) ‘Linguistics and Social Responsibility: The Challenge for the Nigerian Linguist’, in Ndimele, O. (ed.) Nigerian Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Policy Reforms, A Festschrift for Ayo Bamgbose, Festschrift Series No.6 Linguistics Association of Nigeria

Bello, S. (1983). ‘The State and Economy of Kano, 1894-1960: A Study of Colonial Domination’ PhD thesis, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria

Bhola, H. S. (1988). ‘Literacy for Revitalization in the SADCC Countries of Southern Africa’, Paper presented at the Modern Language Association Right to Literacy Conference (Columbus,OH, September 16-18, 1988). http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED297304.pdf accessed on 6/11/2016

Brann, C. M. B. 2006a. Democratization of Language Use in Public Domains in Nigeria’, in Language in Education and Society: An Anthology of Selected Writings of C. M. B. Brann (1975-2005). Maduguri: University of Maiduguri Library of Language in Education and Society, pp179-189

Brann, C. M. B. 2006b. ‘Language Choice in the Nigerian State Houses of Assembly’, in Language in Education and Society: An Anthology of Selected Writings of C. M. B. Brann (1975-2005). Maduguri: University of Maiduguri Library of Language in Education and Society, pp. 315-331

Brann, C. M.B. (1979) ‘Mother Tongue, Other Tongue and Further Tongue: The Triglottic Configuration in Nigeria’. Inaugural Lecture, Dept of Nigerian Languages and Linguistics, University of Maiduguri

Brann, C. M.B. (1990) Language In/for the Mass Media: A Research Model for Nigeria’, National Communication Symposium Unimaid

Dokaji, A.A. (1978). Kano Ta Dabo Cigari. Zaria: Northern Nigeria Publishing Comapany Ltd

DW (2014) ‘Dialogue and interaction: 50 years of DW Hausa’, http://www.dw.de/dialogue-and-interaction-50-years-ofdw-hausa/a-17267995

Ehindero, S. G. (1991). The Constitutional Development of Nigeria: 1849-1989 . Jos: Ehindero Nigeria, Ltd.

Federal Republic of Nigeria, Cultural Policy for Nigeria (Lagos, 1988)

Ferri, S. (2013) VOA Hausa Mobile Traffic Surges http://www.insidevoa.com/content/voa- hausa-mobiletraffic-surges/1810043.html accessed on 10 June, 2014

Fika, A. (1978). The Kano Civil War and British Overrule, 1882-1940. Ibadan: Oxford University Press

Fishman, J. A. (1991), Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon, Eng.: Multilingual Matters.

Fishman, J. A. (2001a). ‘The New Linguistic Order’, in International Journal of the Sociology of Language http://www.uoc.edu/humfil/articles/eng/fishman/fishman.html accessed on 23 May, 2013

Fishman, J. A. (Ed.) (2001b), Can Threatened Languages Be Saved?, Clevedon, Eng.: Multilingual Matters. Francis, R., et al. “Electronic Archiving-A 100 Year Experiment” Proceedings of the Third Document Computing Symposium, Sydney, Australia, August 21, 1998.

http//210.8.122.120.vers/publications/pdf/electronic%20Archiving. Accessed on 1 June, 2014

Garba, S. A. (2010). ‘Hausa A Gidan Rediyon BBC’, M.A Dissertation, Department of Nigerian Languages, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

Garba, S. A. (2014a). ‘Language as a Factor in Radio Listening: A Case of Kano Radio Listeners’ a mandatory PhD seminar paper presented at Department of Nigerian Languages, Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 3rd June, 2014

Garba, S.A. (2014b). ‘Hausa as a Regional and International Language of Radio Broadcasting’, a paper presented at the International Conference on African Languages and Literatures in the 21st Century, organized by the Institute of African Studies, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. Theme: From Asmara 2000 to Nairobi 2014: New Horizons and Trends in African Languages and Literature held from August 6th-8th, 2014

Garba, S. A. (2015). ‘A Survey of Television Stations Broadcasting in Hausa Language’, in Noufal, Mohamed Ali (ed) Language and Identity in Africa: In Light of the Current Variables Vol. 2. Cairo: University of Cairo Press, pp. 305-331

Genetti, Carol & Rebekka Siemens. 2013. Training as empowering social action: An ethical response to language endangerment. In Elena Mihas, Bernard Perley, Gabriel Rei-Doval & Kathleen Wheatley (eds.), Responses to language endangerment: In honor of Mickey Noonan (Studies in Language Companion Series 142), 59–78.

Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Greenberg, J.H. (1963) The Languages of Africa. Bloomintong: Indiana University

Grenoble, A. L. and Whaley, J. L. (1998). Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ikara, B. (1987). Minority Languages and Lingua Francas in Nigeria, University of Maiduguri Public Lecture Series No.1

Ikara, B. (1991)/ Hausa Language Studies: A Perspective for the future”, in Abba Rufa’I (ed), Nigerian Languages: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Kano: CSLN, Bayero University

Kano State House of Assembly Standing Rules (2012)

Khalil, N. W. and Bayero, A. S. (2006) ‘Royal Communication in Traditional Setting: Language Patterns, Ettiquette and Address Forms in Kano Emir’s Palace’, a paper presented at First International conference on Communication, Media and Popular Culture in Northern Nigeria, Organised by Department of Mass Communications, Bayero University Kano, 12th – 13th July, 2006.

Khalil, N. W. and Bayero, A. S. (forthcoming). Oral and Intangible Traditions of Kano Palace.

Kirk-Greene, A. H. M. (1965). A Working Introduction to the Study of Hausa and the Major Languages of Northern Nigeria, Ocassional Paper No. 3, Department of Languages, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

McIntyre, J.A. (1991) ‘Lexical Innovations in Hausa (Niger, Nigeria)’, in Utta von Gleich and Ekkehard Wolff (eds) Standardization of National Languages. Unesco: Institute for Education,

Hamburg Morrison, S., & Peterson, L. (2003). Using technology to teach native american languages. http:www.cal.org/ericcll/langlink/feb03feature.html accessed on 19 April, 2011

Muhammad, D. (2011) ‘Hausa a Duniyar Yau: Tasirin Shirin Game-Duniya kan Harshen Hausa’, in Yalwa, L. D. and Bichi, A. Y. and Sani, S. (eds.) Studies in Hausa Language, Literature abd Culture: the Sixth Hausa International Conference. Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University, Kano, pp. 333-342

Nash, Carlos, M. (2014), ‘Language Endangerment in East Africa’. 45TH Annual Conference on African Linguistics held at the University of Kansas from April 17-19, 2014. The themed: “Africa’s Endangered Languages: Documentary and Theoretical Approaches” Sponsored by the US National Science Foundation http://www.acal45.ku.edu/files/Nash_UGworkshop.pdf accessed on 31/10/2016

Newmann, R. and Newmann, P. (2009) The Hausa Lexicographic Tradition HTTP:///WWW.SCRIBD.COM/DOC/14017667/the-HausaLexicographic-tradition accessed on 18 March 2012

Obiero, O. J. (2008) Evaluating Language Revitalization in Kenya: The Contradictory Face and Place of The Local Community Factor Nordic Journal of African Studies 17(4): 247–268 (2008) http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdffiles/vol17num4/obiero.pdf 6/11/2016 accessed on 1 August, 2014

Owolabi, K. (2011). ‘Using Africa’s Indigenous Languages as Tools for Sustainable Development: A Pragmatic Approach’, a lead paper presented at the 24th Annual Conference of the Liguistic Association of Nigeria held at Bayero University, Kano December 5-9, 2011

Robinson, C. H (1896) Specimens of Hausa Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press https://archive.org/stream/specimensofhausa00robirich#page/n0/mode/1up accessed on 7 June, 2011

Robinson, H. C. (1925)Dictionary of the Hausa Language vol.1, London: Cambridge University Press

Sallabank, J. (2010). The role of social networks in endangered language maintenance and revitalization: The case of Guernesiais in the Channel Islands. Anthropological Linguistics 2010; 52(2):184-205.

Saul, S. & Lise M. D. (2016) The cultures of Native North American language documentation and revitalization, Reviews in Anthropology, 45:2, 88-123, DOI: 10.1080/00938157.2016.1179522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2016.1179522 accessed on 19 October, 2016

Scannell, K. (2012). Translating Facebook into Endangered Languages. Proceedings of the 16th Foundation for Endangered Languages Conference 2012

Serafín, M. C. (2011). ‘ Revitalization of Endangered Languages: Quechua in the Andes’, Droit et cultures [En ligne], 62 | 2011-2, mis en ligne le 04 mai 2012, consulté le 04 octobre 2016. URL: http://droitcultures.revues.org/2661 accessed on 20 October, 2016

Shuaib, Y. A. (2007) ‘Shekarau: Speaking the Language of the People’, appeared on Opinion Page of Weekly Trust Newspaper of June 16, 2007 and available at http://yashuaib.com/2007/07/shekarau-speaking-the-languageof-the-people/

Taiwo, C. O. (1976). ‘Nigeria: Language Problems and Solutions’, in Morsy, Z. (ed.) Prospects: Quarterly Review of Education Vol. 6, No. 3. 1976. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 406-416. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0001/000192/019245eo.pdf accessed on 15 May, 2012

The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Printed by Federal Government Press, Mobil Road, Apapa Lagos.

Trudgill, P. (1974) Sociolinguistics: An Introduction. England: Penguin Books Ltd.

UNESCO. (2003). “Language Vitality and Endangerment” Available at http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL accessed on 27/9/2010 accessed on 28 January, 2013

Usman, N. (1997). ‘The Role of Native Administration in the Provision and Development of Social Services in Kano Emirate, 1903-1968. M.A Bayero University, Kano. Interview

Lawan Badamasi is the Clerk/Permanent Secretary, Kano State House of Assembly, on 30/11/2016 at his office at the State Assembly Complex, Audu Bako Secretariat, Kano.

Downloads

Published

2017-09-01

How to Cite

Alhaji Garba, S. . (2017). The Use of Hausa by the Kano State House of Assembly and Kano Emirate Council: A Revitalization Strategy for Language Sustainable Development. Journal of The Linguistic Association of Nigeria, 20(2). Retrieved from https://jolan.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/119