Structural case assignment in Gbagyi language: A government-binding analysis of nominative and accusative patterns
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/jolan.vol5no1.416Keywords:
Gbagyi language, case assignment, government and binding theory, NigerCongo languages, adjacency conditionAbstract
This study investigates structural Case assignment in Gbagyi, a Niger-Congo language spoken predominantly in north-central Nigeria, within the framework of Government and Binding (GB) Theory. Despite its large speaker base, Gbagyi remains underexplored in syntactic theory. The research examines how nominative and accusative Cases are assigned in canonical structures, testing universal principles proposed by Chomsky (1981) and
subsequent scholars. Data were collected through interviews with native speakers (aged 18–70) in Kuta and Minna, with particular emphasis on the intuitions of elders, and analyzed using GB Case theory. Findings show that Gbagyi aligns with cross-linguistic patterns of structural Case assignment. Nominative Case is assigned to subject NPs by [+Tense] INFL heads (e.g., mi “I” in mi la pyice “I have finished”), while accusative Case is assigned by transitive verbs to object NPs (e.g., ābā “door” in Eɓi lá ābā guya “The child closed the door”). Tree diagrams illustrate the role of adjacency and government, confirming that each NP receives exactly one Case from a single assigner. The study concludes that Gbagyi
conforms to universal parameters of structural Case assignment, with nominative and accusative distribution paralleling languages such as English and Hausa. This analysis enriches the typological understanding of Nupoid languages and demonstrates the applicability of GB Theory to under-described languages.
References
Bennett, Patrick R. and Jan P. Sterk. (1977). South Central Niger-Congo: a Reclassification. Studies in African Linguistics 8:3.241-273
Chomsky, N (1980). Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht : Foris.
Chomsky, N (1981). Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris.
Chomsky, N (1986b). Barries. Cambridge, Massachusetts:MIT Press.
Greenberg, J. H. (1963). the languages of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Haegeman, L. (1994). Introduction to Government and Binding Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Haspelmath, M. (2006). Terminology of Case. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hyman, L. and Daniel, J. M. (1970). Essentials of Gwarii Grammar. Ibadan. Institute of African Studies.
Ndimele, O. M. (1992). The Parameters of Universal Grammar: A Government Binding Approach. Owerri: African Educational Services.
Radford, A. (1997). Syntactic Theory and the Structure of English: A Minimalist Approach. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
Sells, P. (1985) “Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories: an Introduction to Government and Binding Theory, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar and Lexical Functional Grammar. CSLI. Lecture note, 3.
Shekwo, J.A. (1986). Fundamentals of Gbagyi Language. Zaria Centre for Adult Education and Extension Services. ABU Zaria.
Yalwa, L.D (1997) “Case Assignment in Hausa: A GB Approach”. In Harsunan Nijeriya Vol. XVIII, Center for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Baayero University Kano, pp 24-48, ISSN 116-0691.
Yusuf, M.A. (1991) “Aspects of the Morphosyntax of Functional Categories in Hausa”, Ph.D Thesis, University of Essex.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of The Linguistic Association of Nigeria

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.