The social context for language policy implementation in Nigeria: A neglected situation?

Abstract

This paper examines the complex relationship between Nigeria’s linguistic diversity and the social context in which language policies are implemented. It focuses on the current state of language policy implementation in Nigeria and explores the reasons behind its neglect in many parts of the country. The primary objective is to analyze how social factors such as ethnicity, education, and the urban - rural divide influence language use and policy effectiveness. Drawing on the language planning and policy frameworks of Spolsky and Fishman, the study investigates how language choice in multilingual communities shapes communication in education, government, and the media. Adopting a qualitative research design, data were collected through observations in various regions, with attention to the interaction between indigenous languages and English in everyday contexts. A contentbased analysis reveals a significant gap between official language policies and their practical implementation. The findings highlight the urgent need for a more inclusive language policy that integrates indigenous languages into education, government, and
media. Recommendations include the introduction of bilingual education, increased representation of indigenous languages in the media, and revision of the national language policy to reflect Nigeria’s linguistic diversity. The paper concludes that without such reforms, the preservation of Nigeria’s rich linguistic heritage and effective communication in multilingual communities will remain elusive, thereby impeding social cohesion and educational progress.